u̯er-3: H. u̯er-t- (*su̯erkʷh-)

    u̯er-3: H. u̯er-t- (*su̯erkʷh-)

    English meaning: to turn, wind

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “drehen, wenden”

    Grammatical information: causative-iterative u̯ortei̯ō

    Material: O.Ind. themat. present vartati(-tē) “dreht”, Med. “dreht sich, rollt, verläuft”, avest. varǝt- ‘sich wenden”; other Präsentia O.Ind. vavartti, vartti, causative vartáyati “ places in drehende Bewegung” (= Goth. fra-wardjan, O.C.S. vratiti, Lith. vartūti), vártman- n. “pathway”, vartana- n. “das Drehen”, by den Withanni-Indern aika-vartana etc. “eine Runde (the racecourse)”; vartula- “ round “, vartulü ‘spinnwirtel” (: M.H.G. wirtel), vr̥ttá- “ twiddled, twisted, rotated, revved, revolved, round “ (= Lat. vorsus, virsus, Lith. vir̃stas etc.), vr̥tti- f. “das Rollen, kind of, nature” (= Lat. versi-ō, O.C.S. vrъstь), varti “Gerolltes”; ein present *vr̥natmi is because of vŕ̥nta- m. “Blattstiel”, vr̥ntüka- m. “Eierpflanze” anzunehmen; vr̥kkáu (*vr̥tka-) “ kidneys “ (actually “ bulge; bead; lip; torus; wreath; roll; bulb “), Av. vǝrǝδkavǝrǝt̃ ka- ds., compare pehl. gurtak, Pers. gurda “kidney” from O.Pers. *vr̥t(a);

    Note: Wrong etymology, since those cognates derived from Alb. gur ‘stone in the kidneys”, ngurta ‘stony”. Gk. ῥατάνη (Fρατ- from *u̯r̥t-) “Rũhrlöffel”, βρατάνην τορύνην ᾽Ηλεῖοι Hes., ῥοτάρια (ῥοτ- Aeolian; -τάνια?) τορύνιον Hes.; ἄρρατος “hard, not drehbar” (*ἀ-Fρᾰτ-ος); Lat. vertō (neologism to replacement of old Kausativs?), vertī, versum “kehren, wenden, turn”, Deponens revertor; vortex, vertex “whirl, Scheitel”, versus, adversus “gegen” (toparticiple), versus, -ūs m. “line, row, furrow”; Umbr. kuvertu, covertu “convertitō”, trahvorfi “transverse”, Lat. versi-ōn-, Osc. dat. Fερσορει ein Götterepithet; Osc. Umbr. vorsus ein piece of wood as field measure is ein Terminus the röm. Siedler in Campanien (M. Leumann); compare O.Ir. forrach “ein piece of wood as field measure “; Ven. goddess Vrotah “Wenderin, Geburtsgöttin” (Vetter Gl. 20, 72); O.Ir. ad-ferta “aversatur”, adbart “adversarius”, ablaut. dī-fort- “diffuse, einschenken” (compare Fr. verser), M.Ir. fertas f. ‘schaft, spindle, Erdwall” (newer fersat), Welsh gwerthyd “ spindle”, O.Corn. gurhthit gl. “fusus”, O.Bret. pl. guirtitou gl. “fusis”, M.Bret. guersit ds.; root nouns as Adverb *u̯r̥t: O.Ir. preposition fri, preverb frith-, M.Welsh gwrth, Welsh wrth, Corn.orth, Bret. ouz “gegen” (zur basic form s. Thurneysen Grammar S. 515, Jackson Language and History S. 337); Welsh gwerthu “ sell “, Corn. gwerthe, Bret. gwerza ds. (but Welsh gwerth “Preis” kann O.E. Lw. sein); Goth. etc. wairÞan, O.H.G. werdan “become” (“to turn”); Goth. fra-wardjan, O.H.G. frawarten ‘spoil” (causative to frawairÞan “zugrunde go”, actually “eine Wendung zum Ü bel nehmen”), Goth. etc. -waírÞs, O.H.G. -wert, Ger. -wärts “wohin gewendet”; perhaps Goth. etc. wairÞs, O.H.G.wert, Subst. “Wert, Preis” (compare O.Ir. frith-, Lat. vorsus “gegen” together with dem relationship from O.Ind. práti “gegen”: Lat. pretium “as Ghegenwert dienender Preis)” O.H.G. wurt “fate, destiny” (*u̯r̥ti- “ turn “); Bal.-Slav. *u̯erti̯ō “wende, turn, twist, rotate “ (older *u̯ertō) in Lith. verčiù , ver̃sti, Ltv. veršu, verst “wenden, kehren”, Intransitiv Lith. virstù (*vr̥t-stō), vir̃sti “umfallen, fall, sich in etwas verwandeln”, Iter. vartūti “continual wenden”, O.Pruss. wirst “wird”; Slav. *vьrtjǫ, *vьrtěti in O.C.S. vrьtěti sę “περισπᾶσθαι”, Iter. vratiti sę “στρέφεσθαι”, R.C.S. vrěteno “ spindle”(*u̯erteno- n.), O.C.S. vrěmę “time” (*u̯ert-men n.), Lith. var̃stas “Pflugwende”, compare O.Pruss. ainawarst “once”; Bal.-Slav. *u̯irstü f. “Wende” in O.C.S. vrъsta “ἡλικία”, Russ. verstá “row, Lebensalter, Werst”, compare die participle Lith. vir̃stas: Lat. versus, O.Ind. vr̥ttá- and Lat. versus, -ūs “furrow, line, row”; O.Ind. vr̥ttá- n. “ way of life, lifestyle, Benehmen”; Bal.-Slav. *u̯irsti- f. “kind of” in R.C.S. sъvьrstь “gleiches age, pair”, Slov. vr̂st “row, kind of”, compare Lith. Infin. vir̃sti: O.Ind. vr̥tti- f. see above. Toch. A wärt- “throw”, В wrattsai “gegen” (*wart, *u̯r̥t), yerter “Radkranz”, A wërkänt, В Obl. yerkwantai (*yertwantai), Pedersen Toch. 235.

    References: WP. II 274 f., WH. II 763 ff., Trautmann 354 f., Vasmer 1, 189, 190, 229, 230, 235, Frick 151.